Women s Rights Of The United States - 2076 Words

We the People...All of us As you walk down the street today, what do you notice about the people around you? Maybe there’s a white male, an Asian female, and a Latin male. Other than visual cues, there is no indication that there are any differences between one person or another. Any one person, whether black, white, male, or female, can enter any establishment, get a job, buy a piece of land, or vote in an election. However, this has not always been the case. Most of these people at one point or another had limited rights in the United States. Specifically, in the 1800’s, women had limited rights, especially after marriage. Once a woman was wed, she was no longer able to take in her own wages, sign a contract, or own any property. What were the rights that women were lacking, and where do we stand on those issues now? Have we come as far as we think we have with women’s rights? We have a widespread misconceived notion that women have equal rights, but we still have a ways to go . On the surface, it seems that we are all equal finally. However, there are still issues that are still being argued after over 150 years of being in front of our government. For seven generations, there have been ongoing changes so dramatic that now, the women whose lives have been changed for the better man not even notice that there was ever a struggle. More than 160 years ago, in 1848, the Women’s Rights Movement began. There was a small group of women, lead by Elizabeth CadyShow MoreRelatedWomen Of The United States And The World Is Violating A Person s Human Rights1364 Words   |  6 Pages Over the year the United States and the world was and still is violating a person’s human rights. For century’s women, African Americans, gays, and lesbians were the grunt of such unfair treatment. Men thought a women place was in the home, cooking, cleaning, and taking care of the kids. Whites thought that black people did not deserve any rights because of their skin color. People where against gays and lesbians because of their sexual preference. In some countries women are not allowed to workRead MoreWomen s Suffrage Movement : Lucret ia Mott1399 Words   |  6 PagesCostello Pd. â…ž 3/17/16 Women s Suffrage Movement: Lucretia Mott The Women s Suffrage Movement impacted the United States by giving women the right to have a voice and to finally be able to vote. Achieving the right to vote was the culminating event of the Women s Suffrage Movement. The Women s Suffrage Movement was also known as Women s Suffrage. The movement was the struggle for women to be able to vote and run for president. It was also closely linked to the women s right movement. In the midRead MoreFirst Wave Feminism By Betty Friedan1171 Words   |  5 Pagesreproductive rights and equal opportunity in education and the workplace. Source 1: The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan In 1963, Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique was published. Friedan discussed the problem that â€Å"lay buried, unspoken† in the minds of the suburban housewife, saying that they were too socially conditioned to recognize their boredom and lack of fulfillment. The book isn’t reliable in that it failed to address the struggle of minority and working-class women who didn t haveRead MoreThe Women’S Rights Convention Took Place In Seneca Falls,1296 Words   |  6 PagesThe Women’s Rights Convention took place in Seneca Falls, New York 1848. This was the first ever women’s rights convention in the United States, and with almost 200 women in attendance. This convention was organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Kelly Stanton, who were both abolitionists that met at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London. In 1848 at Elizabeth Stanton’s home near Seneca Falls, the two women, Mott and Stanton, were working with Martha Wright, Ma ry Ann McClintock and JaneRead MoreWomen s Rights Movement Of The Nineteenth Century1054 Words   |  5 PagesThe women s rights movement of the nineteenth century had a major impact for women. It had unified women around a number of issues that were seen as fundamental rights for all citizens. These rights included: access to higher education, the right to own property, reproductive rights, and suffrage. All was achieved and even more between 1870 and 1930. Before all the changes happened for women. â€Å"Women were completely controlled by the men in their lives. First, by their fathers, brothers and maleRead MoreWomen And Women s Rights1155 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Men and women have roles – their roles are different, but their rights are equal.† Harri Holkeri Women in today s society get to experience many rights that women could not before, such as the right to vote. The right to vote was not gained without struggle from many women activists. Women brought up even before the 1920 s when the right to vote was granted, were part of suffrage movements dedicated to gaining that particular right. Each and every woman dedicated to being a women s rights activistRead MoreBlack Oppression By Huey P. Newton1202 Words   |  5 Pageson black oppression fails to take into account the struggle of black women in a society filled with injustice. As evidenced in Huey P. Newtons â€Å"To Die for the People† Newton argues that the black man often blames himself for his own failure because he lacks the sophistication needed to understand that society, and parenting have failed him. He believes that political institutions attempt to hold black people captive. Newton states, â€Å"the black male faces a hostile environment and is not sure that itR ead MoreKansas Is Well Known For Its Effective Participation In1370 Words   |  6 Pagesparticipation in the Women s Suffrage Movement. Early in the battle, the National American Woman Suffrage Association accepted Kansas as a liberal state that had a forward thinking mentality. In consideration of the state, the Association adopted the Kansas State flower, which is the sunflower as their image. The sunflower became a familiar sight and easily recognized symbol during suffrage campaigns. During the Women s Suffrage Movement, Effie Graham was one of the many remarkable women that participatedRead MorePresident Johnson s Social Reform1640 Words   |  7 Pages For hundred of years, women have strived for equality with men. In fact, many argue to this day, women across the globe are treated as second class citizens. Countless studies have been conducted by independent universities and groups supporting this ideology. Statistics from these institutions have often brought women to the Civil Rights forefront, during a time period when women s suffrage was in its second wave. Advocacy for this cause has come in the form of much more than field studies andRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1437 Words   |  6 Pages The controversial issue within United States to be discussed is whether or not abortion should be legal. The issue originated from the case Roe vs Wade; henceforth abortion is now a fundamental right recognized by the US Supreme Court. Top current debates today from proponents and opponents are: pregnant women will resort to unsafe illegal abortions if there is no legal option and it is a fundamental human right for the women to cho ose. Many suggest there are better alternatives such as adoption

How Does Mccarthy Tell the Story in Pages 229-241 Free Essays

In this extract, McCarthy conveys the anticlimax of the protagonist and his son’s arrival at the â€Å"Cold. Desolate. Birdless. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Mccarthy Tell the Story in Pages 229-241? or any similar topic only for you Order Now † environment of the beach. McCarthy juxtaposes the bleakness of the landscape with the boy’s optimism in order to highlight the boy’s inherent goodness. McCarthy tells the story using narrative voice in this section of the text. He contrasts the third person extradiegetic narrator with the man’s interior monologue in order to convey multiple perspectives to the reader. He’d left the cart in the bracken beyond the dunes and they’d taken blankets with them and sat wrapped in them in the wind-shade of a great driftwood log. † Here, McCarthy constructs the lexis of the third person narrator using what some critics have called a limited linguistic palette. The polysyndeton creates a steady rhythm, which parallels the rhythm of the journey the man and boy are on, which is, like the sentence, seemingly never-ending. Here the narrator presents the reader with a practical account of the man and boy’s response to the disappointment of the beach, detailing their movements with unelaborated, unemotional language. The pared back language poignantly conveys the sense that the bleakness of the beach was inevitable. In contrast, the tricolon: â€Å"Cold. Desolate. Birdless†, is clearly the man’s interior monologue. The three adjectives highlight the extent to which the reality of the beach does not live up to the characters’ expectations of it. Where they had hoped for warmth when heading south, instead they found â€Å"cold†. Where they had hoped for a more habitable climate, they found a â€Å"desolate† environment. Where they had hoped for life, they had found a â€Å"birdless† environment. Thus, the tricolon convey’s the man’s disappointment to the reader. McCarthy utilizes stream of consciousness in order to enable the reader to understand the man’s emotional response. The narrator is typically unemotive, presenting a pared back account of events and it is thus these rare glimpses into the man’s thoughts that enable the reader to empathise with his perspective. McCarthy also manipulates language in order to convey the bleakness of the beach. The â€Å"Cold. Desolate. Birdless† beach has a parallel in the â€Å"barren. Silent. Godless† landscape in the novel’s opening pages, creating symmetry in the narrative. Just as the rest of the narrative is permeated with metaphorical â€Å"ash†, so the beach too is describes as â€Å"gray†, with the â€Å"gray squall line of ash†. This lexical clusters connoting decay suggests that the beach, like the rest of the world, has been irreparably tarnished by the apocalypse. The simile, â€Å"like the desolation of some alien sea breaking on the shore† is poignant as the sea is â€Å"alien†, belonging to another world, highlighting the extent to which the sea has disappointed the man and boy. McCarthy also utilizes structure in order to present this anticlimactic moment to the reader. The writer presents uninterrupted passages of narration and then starkly juxtaposes them with almost two pages of unattributed dialogue between the protagonist and his son. McCarthy presents the unadulterated dialogue without narrator intrusion, bringing the reader closer to the narrative as if they are experiencing the conversation firsthand. Although McCarthy does not explicitly attribute dialogue to either character, the reader has become accustomed to patterns within the speech of each of the characters. This dialogue is to a certain extent typical of the two characters, with the boy expressing his optimism through a series of questions. In spite of the desolation, the boy asks, â€Å"do you think there could be ships out there? † and suggests that other humans could also be â€Å"carrying the fire† in spite of negligible evidence that this could be the case. Furthermore, he suggests that â€Å"maybe there’s a father and his little boy and they’re sitting on the beach†. Through the boy’s dialogue, McCarthy reinforces the sense that the boy could be an â€Å"angel† or a â€Å"god† in his unwavering optimism. How to cite How Does Mccarthy Tell the Story in Pages 229-241?, Papers

Entering The Post

Entering The Post-modern Era Essay How does a people determine that a movement to a new era has occurred? Although there was no newspaper headline announcing the beginning of postmodernism, it is very evident that American culture took a turn in the 1960s, and, as always, the arts began to reflect the changes in our culture. The amount of information easily available to us has risen exponentially in the past few decades.Postmodernism has grown out of the amount of useless knowledge that everyday people now possess because of the high speed access of information through internet, TV, and many other sources. Mixing rock, rap, and romantic styles of music seems as silly as the need to know anything one could find on almost half of internet sites. Of course, most information found in modern mediums is relevant, but the speed at which you can access it as compared to a hundred years ago clearly depicts a new era of culture. With a new era in culture, one will definately find a new era in the arts. Genre mixing is a product of high-speed information access. It is very easy to sample new and different styles of music than it ever was before, forcing musicians to be influenced by diverse types of music. If a rock band listened to both BB King and the Sex Pistols, one will most probably hear both blues and punk influences in their music. So, it is easy to understand that easy access to wide selections of musical styles forces composers to mix genres of music when creating new music. Words/ Pages : 266 / 24

The Value of Friends Essay Example For Students

The Value of Friends Essay Friends make our lives better. They encourage us when we’re feeling down and make us laugh. Friends make us feel good, almost anyone would agree. But the article by Tara Parker-Pope, â€Å"What Are Friends For? † goes beyond this simple point. The article presents ample evidence that having friends not only makes us happier, it also makes us healthier, both mentally and physically. According to Parker-Pope, our friendships can affect our weight, stress levels, and even our lifespan. One significant ideas presented in this article is that having is that having friends can give us the mental strength to overcome the obstacles we face. This significant idea is important because people with illness tend to recover easier with friends around, also Friendship have more outlooks for challenges than those people who have fewer friends. Of course, facing a difficult challenge with friends is easier than facing it alone. Friends can help us by giving advice and support. But it’s not only that. Having friends can also make us believe we are capable of succeeding. We will write a custom essay on The Value of Friends specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Proving this point, Parker-Pope discusses an Australian study in which students had to climb a steep hill. Before they began, the students were asked to guess how steep the hill was. According to the article, the students who stood with friends gave lower estimates of the steepness of the hill compared to those who stood alone. That is to say, those who had the support of their friends felt more capable of succeeding. I can certainly identify with the students in the study. Im currently facing the challenge of going to college. Before I came to the CUNY Start program, I felt isolated and worried. I used to lie awake at night wondering how I would ever manage to read thick textbooks and write research papers, on top of working. In this program I’ve made friends who are also planning to go to college, and were facing this challenge together. This means we can share information, study together, and give each other emotional support. The tasks seem much more manageable now. In other words, the backpack is still heavy, but the hill doesnt seem as steep Furthermore, having friends to support us is helpful, but having old friends, those who have known us since childhood, can be even more powerful. As the Australian study suggests, â€Å"the longer friends had known each other, the less steep the hill appeared. † In other words, having old friends can give us an even bigger boost when it comes to facing life’s most difficult challenges. In my own experience one day l was in the hospital sick for an illness that make me unhappy and don’t want to eat any food but my friend came in the hospital and make some jokes and make me laugh a lot, and make me feel not alone and it help me get true all my problems. In conclusion, the article by Parker-Pope points out that friends are an important factor in our mental and physical health. It is both an obvious point and one that deserves more attention. We tend to treat illness and depression with medicine, when in some cases, emotional isolation may be the root cause. Of course, medical treatments are sometimes necessary, but we should remember that our friends are our lifeline in many ways.

The Black Codes and Why They Matter Today

The Black Codes and Why They Matter Today It’s hard to understand why African Americans are incarcerated at higher rates than other groups without knowing what the black codes were. These restrictive and discriminatory laws criminalized blacks after slavery and set the stage for Jim Crow. They are also directly linked to today’s prison industrial complex. Given this, a better grasp of the Black Codes and their relationship to the 13th Amendment provides a historical context for racial profiling, police brutality, and uneven criminal sentencing. For far too long, blacks have been dogged by the stereotype that they’re inherently prone to criminality. The institution of slavery and the Black Codes that followed reveal how the state essentially penalized African Americans just for existing. Slavery Ended, but Blacks Weren’t Truly Free During Reconstruction, the period that followed the Civil War, African Americans in the South continued to have work arrangements and living conditions nearly indistinguishable from those they had during slavery. Because the cost of cotton was so high at this time, planters decided to develop a labor system that mirrored servitude. According to America’s History to 1877, Vol. 1: â€Å"On paper, emancipation had cost the slave owners about $3 billion - the value of their capital investment in former slaves - a sum that equaled nearly three-fourths of the nation’s economic production in 1860. The real losses of planters, however, depended on whether they lost control of their former slaves. Planters attempted to reestablish that control and to substitute low wages for the food, clothing, and shelter that their slaves had previously received. They also refused to sell or rent land to blacks, hoping to force them to work for low wages.† The enactment of the 13th Amendment only amplified the challenges of African Americans during Reconstruction. Passed in 1865, this amendment ended the slave economy, but it also included a provision that would make it in the South’s best interest to arrest and imprison blacks. That’s because the amendment prohibited slavery and servitude, â€Å"except as a punishment for crime.† This provision gave way to the Black Codes, which replaced the Slave Codes, and were passed throughout the South the same year as the 13th Amendment. The codes heavily infringed on the rights of blacks and, like low wages, functioned to trap them in a slave-like existence. The codes were not the same in every state but overlapped in a number of ways. For one, they all mandated that blacks without jobs could be arrested for vagrancy. The Mississippi Black Codes in particular penalized blacks for being â€Å"wanton in conduct or speech, neglect[ing] job or family, handl[ing] money carelessly, and ...all other idle and disorderly persons.† How exactly does a police officer decide how well a person handles money or if he’s wanton in conduct? Clearly, many of the behaviors punishable under the Black Codes were completely subjective. But their subjective nature made it easier to arrest and round up African Americans. In fact, a variety of states concluded that there were certain crimes for which only blacks could be â€Å"duly convicted,† according to The Angela Y. Davis Reader. Therefore, the argument that the criminal justice system works differently for whites and blacks can be traced back to the 1860s. And before the Black Codes criminalized African Americans, the legal system deemed runaway slaves fugitives for stealing property - themselves!   Fines, Forced Labor, and the Black Codes Violating one of the Black Codes required offenders to pay fines. Since many African Americans were paid low wages during Reconstruction or denied employment at all, coming up with the money for these fees all too often proved impossible. Inability to pay meant that the county court could hire out African Americans to employers until they worked off their balances. Blacks who found themselves in this unfortunate predicament usually did such labor in a slavery-like environment. The state determined when offenders worked, for how long and what kind of work was performed. More often than not, African Americans were required to perform agricultural labor, just as they had during slavery. Because licenses were required for offenders to perform skilled labor, few did. With these restrictions, blacks had little chance to learn a trade and move up the economic ladder once their fines were settled. And they could not simply refuse to work off their debts, as that would lead to a vagrancy charge, resulting in more fees and forced labor. Under the Black Codes, all African Americans, convicts or not, were subject to curfews set by their local governments. Even their day-to-day movements were heavily dictated by the state. Black farm workers were required to carry passes from their employers, and meetings blacks took part in were overseen by local officials. This even applied to worship services. In addition, if a black person wanted to live in town, they had to have a white sponsor. Any African Americans who skirted the Black Codes would be subject to fines and labor. In short, in all areas of life, blacks lived as second class citizens. They were emancipated on paper but certainly not in real life. A civil rights bill passed by Congress in 1866 sought to give African Americans more rights. The bill, for example, permitted them to own or rent property, but it stopped short of giving blacks the right to vote. It did, however, allow them to make contracts and bring their cases before courts. It also enabled federal officials to sue those who violated the civil rights of African Americans. But blacks never reaped the benefits of the bill because President Andrew Johnson vetoed it.   While the president’s decision dashed the hopes of African Americans, their hopes were renewed when the 14th Amendment was enacted. This legislation gave blacks even more rights than the Civil Rights Act of 1966 did. It declared them and anyone born in the United States to be citizens. Although it did not guarantee blacks the right to vote, it  gave them â€Å"equal protection of the laws.† The 15th Amendment, passed in 1870, would give blacks suffrage. The End of the Black Codes By the end of the 1860s, many Southern states repealed the Black Codes and shifted their economic focus away from cotton farming and onto manufacturing. They built schools, hospitals, infrastructure and asylums for orphans and the mentally ill. Although the lives of African Americans were no longer dictated by the Black Codes, they lived separately from whites, with fewer resources for their schools and communities. They also faced intimidation by white supremacist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan when they exercised their right to vote. The economic woes blacks faced led to an increasing number of them to be incarcerated. That’s because more penitentiaries in the South were built along with all of the hospitals, roads, and schools. Strapped for cash and unable to get loans from banks, former slaves worked as sharecroppers or tenant farmers. This involved working other people’s farmland in exchange for a small cut of the value of the crops grown. Sharecroppers frequently fell prey to shopkeepers who offered them credit but charged exorbitant interest rates on farm supplies and other goods. Democrats at the time made matters worse by passing laws that allowed merchants to prosecute sharecroppers who couldn’t pay their debts. â€Å"Indebted African American farmers faced imprisonment and forced labor unless they toiled on the land according to the instructions of the merchant-creditor,† states America’s History. â€Å"Increasingly, merchants and landlords cooperated to maintain this lucrative system, and many landlords became merchants. The former slaves had become trapped in the vicious circle of debt peonage, which tied them to the land and robbed them of their earnings.† Angela Davis laments the fact that black leaders of the time, such as Frederick Douglass, did not campaign to end forced labor and debt peonage. Douglass primarily focused his energies on bringing an end to lynching. He also advocated for black suffrage. Davis asserts that he may not have considered forced labor a priority due to the widespread belief that incarcerated blacks must have deserved their punishments. But African Americans complained that they were frequently jailed for offenses for which whites were not. In fact, whites usually eluded prison for all but the most egregious crimes. This resulted in blacks jailed for petty offenses being incarcerated with dangerous white convicts. Black women and children were not spared from prison labor. Children as young as 6 years old were  forced to work, and incredibly women in such predicaments were not segregated from male inmates, making them vulnerable to sexual abuse and physical violence at the hands of both convicts and guards. After taking a trip to the South in 1888, Douglass witnessed firsthand the effects of forced labor on the African Americans there. It kept blacks â€Å"firmly bound in a strong, remorseless and deadly grasp, a grasp from which only death can free [them],† he noted. But by the time Douglass made this conclusion, peonage and convict leasing had been in effect for more than 20 years in certain places. And in a short stretch of time, the number of black prisoners grew rapidly. From 1874 to 1877, Alabama’s prison population tripled, for example. Ninety percent of new convicts were African American. Crimes formerly considered low-level offenses, such as cattle theft, were reclassified as felonies, ensuring that impoverished blacks found guilty of such crimes would be sentenced to longer prison terms. African American scholar W.E.B. DuBois was disturbed by these developments in the prison system. In his work, Black Reconstruction, he observed, â€Å"The whole criminal system came to be used as a method of keeping Negroes at work and intimidating them. Consequently there began to be a demand for jails and penitentiaries beyond the natural demand due to the rise of crime.† Legacy of the Black Codes Lives On Today a disproportionate amount of black men are behind bars. In 2016, the Washington Post reported that 7.7 percent of black men between the ages of 25 to 54 are institutionalized compared to 1.6 percent of white men. The newspaper also stated that the prison population has quintupled over the past four decades and that one out of nine black children has a parent in prison. Many ex-convicts can’t vote or get jobs after their release, increasing their chances of recidivism and trapping them in a cycle as relentless as debt peonage. A number of social ills have been blamed for the large numbers of blacks in prison - poverty, single-parent homes and gangs. While these issues may be factors, the Black Codes reveal that since slavery ended those in power have used the criminal justice system as a vehicle to strip African Americans of their liberty. This includes the glaring sentencing disparities between crack and cocaine, a higher police presence in black neighborhoods, and a bail system that requires those  arrested to pay for their release from jail or remain incarcerated if they’re unable to. From slavery onward, the criminal justice system has all too often created insurmountable hurdles for African Americans.

A Brief Overview of Émile Durkheims Role in Sociology

A Brief Overview of Émile Durkheim's Role in Sociology Who was Émile Durkheim? He was a famous French philosopher and sociologist known as the father of the French school of sociology for his methodology combining empirical research with sociological theory. The following outlines his life and career and his published works. Early Life and Education Émile Durkheim (1858–1917) was born in Épinal, France, on April 15, 1858, to a devout French Jewish family. His father, grandfather, and great-grandfather had all been rabbis, and it was assumed that he would follow their lead when they enrolled him in a rabbinical school. However, at an early age, he decided not to follow in his familys footsteps and switched schools after realizing that he preferred to study religion from an agnostic standpoint as opposed to being indoctrinated. In 1879, his good grades got him into the École Normale Supà ©rieure (ENS), a well-regarded graduate school in Paris. Career and Later Life Durkheim became interested in a scientific approach to society very early on in his career, which meant the first of many conflicts with the French academic system- which had no social science curriculum at the time. Durkheim found humanistic studies uninteresting, turning his attention from psychology and philosophy to ethics and eventually, sociology. He graduated with a degree in philosophy in 1882. Durkheims views could not get him a major academic appointment in Paris, so from 1882 to 1887 he taught philosophy at several provincial schools. In 1885 he left for Germany, where he studied sociology for two years. Durkheims period in Germany resulted in the publication of numerous articles on German social science and philosophy, which gained recognition in France and earned him a teaching appointment at the University of Bordeaux in 1887. This was an important sign of the change of times and the growing importance and recognition of the social sciences. From this position, Durkheim helped reform the French school system and introduced the study of social science in its curriculum. Also in 1887, Durkheim married Louise Dreyfus, with whom he later had two children. In 1893, Durkheim published his first major work, The Division of Labor in Society, in which he introduced the concept of anomie, or the breakdown of the influence of social norms on individuals within a society. In 1895, he published The Rules of Sociological Method, his second major work, which was a manifesto stating what sociology is and how it ought to be done. In 1897, he published his third major work, Suicide: A Study in Sociology, a case study exploring the differing suicide rates among Protestants and Catholics and arguing that stronger social control among Catholics results in lower suicide rates. By 1902, Durkheim had finally achieved his goal of attaining a prominent position in Paris when he became the chair of education at the Sorbonne. Durkheim also served as an advisor to the Ministry of Education. In 1912, he published his last major work, The Elementary Forms of The Religious Life, a book that analyzes religion as a social phenomenon. Émile Durkheim died of a stroke in Paris on November 15, 1917, and is buried in the citys Montparnasse Cemetery.

Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) for European Pressure Reactor Research Proposal

Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) for European Pressure Reactor (EPR) - Research Proposal Example From the assessment, it can be noted that the scope for the assessment included the external and internal hazards, sources of radioactivity, and operating states. Additionally, probabilistic safety assessment is a good design representation describer in the reactor submissions and there is evidence that informs the design development. The paper will present the outcomes of the assessment European Pressure Reactor. The assessment got its evidence from Submission Master List2. The approach was conducted to evaluate the principal submission and then took the evaluation of the pertinent documentation gotten from Submission Master List on basis of samples according to the Business Management System. The assessment principle was used as a foundation for the assessment. Finally, the assessment goal is to arrive an informed and independent judgment on the case of nuclear safety. During the assessment process various technical queries and regulatory observations was issued and feedback made by the AREVA and EDF assessed. Various items were agreed by the AREVA but regarded outside the timeline therefore, left out during the assessment.3 The assessment plan within the ND (Nuclear Directorate) was carried out in reference to the document of Business Management System. The document outline the assessment process within the Nuclear Directorate and highlights the process linked with case documentation of safety sampling. SAPs are used as a foundation for assessing PSA that is associated with EPR design. Ultimately, the aim of the assessment is to reach an informed and independent decision. The main criteria and standard used include the Safety Assessment Principles and the Numerical Targets that are pertinent to the document4. The evidence of the research will be interpreted and evaluated as an in depth implementation of the techniques and approaches and the parameters and data used in quantifying

Feminism and International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Feminism and International Relations - Essay Example However, there are no agreed standards on how to achieve the equality standards. While most problems in international relations field are considered to reveal around the issue of war and security  as most realists assume, there are numerous groups that are liberal in nature, which are concerned in human rights groups, civil society, international political economy, development in the social space among others. For many years, realism and liberalism have been the two main theorists that address issues in international relations. Vibrant societal networks with entrenched confidence and practice leads lead to acknowledgement of important objectives in the country’s systems.The feminist movements and groups do influence international relations decisions by advocating new and better approaches to global to promote justice, equality, and maximise the value of humanity in globe affairs. Literature Review Feminism is currently a political movement and continues to challenge traditio nal approaches of conceptualising politics in the society and the political disciplines (Randall 1995, 118). There are two types of feminism: radical and Marxist feminism that had a revolutionary mind while the liberal feminists have portrayed themselves as reformists in international relations. As a result, in most western countries, the reformist mindset has won the political space, with many women, feminists included, making an impact in political institutions and professions (Randall 1995, 118). Feminist empiricism advances the perspective that states and interstate relations have been governed by dominating gendered structures, and interactions that have been neglecting women in leadership. Feminist standpoint is that women in their varied experiences in life have gained expertise and knowledge in the political life, which offers different perspectives on social issues that provide reliable and effective solutions to most problems in the world political system (Keohane 1989, 24 5). Therefore, the role of feminisms in international relations is to criticise any patriarchal thinking and introduce gendered structures in the society. The social and political integration have an impact on women discrimination since they diversify foundation of political competition and contribute to formation of diverse identities and understanding among citizens. Societal revolutions such as relocation from rural to city resolution areas, speedy population change, democratic politics, and improvement affect women rights. The political protests by women aim at convincing authorities of particular policies as well as create social norms through endorsing particular social behaviors. Problems Feminist Face in International Relations Women discrimination narrows the potential range of policy responses, undermines the capacity of the society to respond autonomously to the demands of their citizenry thereby weakening the legitimacy of traditional political intermediaries and state a uthorities. These new arrangements promoted the diffusion of new values of good governance, human rights, institutional structures, policy formulation, and democracy. One of the major problems that feminists have sought to deal with is in sovereignty of nations. For many years, sovereignty has been related to reciprocity (Keohane 1989, 247). In other words, as Koehane explains, while states have to claims their sovereignty, such states have a duty to respect the sovereignty of other states. These traditional international relation perspectives were discriminatory and tend to separate a nation from others. As Cohn (1987,

The SayNo website Essay Example for Free

The SayNo website Essay The SayNo website with URL http://www. sayno. com/hallucin. html stated the other names of hallucinogens in which they are also known like Peyote, Mighty Quinn, Gelatin etc. It also discussed the signs and effects of using hallucinogens. Hallucinogens can cause paranoia and profound feelings. It first said what kind of drugs are hallucinogens then the meaning of hallucination. The categorization of hallucinogens and where it can be found can be also obtained from this website. For example, the category Ibogaine can be found in an African shrub. The website also posted the withdrawal process that can be done for the benefit of the drug user. It has also links on the 3 signs of Marijuana, the brain on drugs, the rave scene, why people respond differently to substances, and withdrawal and detox: get the facts. The emedicine website with the URL http://emedicine. medscape. com/article/293752-overview offered a good background for hallucinogens. It included the history and discovery of hallucinogens. It also talked about the pathophysiology of hallucinogens – meaning its classifications. The main groups include lysergamides, phenylethylamines, piperidines, indolealkylamines, and cannabinols. (Richards, 2006) It briefly discussed the Lysergamides, Phenylethylamines, Piperidines, Indolealkylamines, and Cannabinols. Other hallucinogens like mushrooms were also said in this website. The frequency of hallucinogen use was also posted in this website. International use of hallucinogens was also described here. Research on age and sex of hallucinogen users were also identified. It also generously posted the clinical history of hallucinogens as well as the physical symptoms of it. Links to an overview, differential diagnoses, treatment and medication, follow-up and multimedia of hallucinogens were also given here. I must say that this website is very informative. NSW wesite with the URL http://www. health. nsw. gov. au/public-health/dpb/publications/hallucinogens. html defined the term hallucinogen and gave the other forms of hallucinogens. Effects of hallucinogens – intermediate and long term effects were also discussed in this website. Tolerance and dependence to hallucinogens were also posted here. â€Å"Tolerance means that you must take more of the drug to feel the same effects you used to have with smaller amounts. With hallucinogens this happens very quickly. † (NSW, 2003) There were also laws given here that could put the user in jail or make them pay for a certain fine due to drug usage. They also gave a 24 hour confidential telephone counseling services. REFERENCES: NSW Health. (2003). Hallucinogens Factsheet. Retrieved April 11, 2009 from http://www. health. nsw. gov. au/public-health/dpb/publications/hallucinogens. html Richards, M. E. , Parish, B. S. , Cameron S. (2006). Hallucinogens. Retrieved April 11, 2009 from http://emedicine. medscape. com/article/293752-overview Say No. (2008). Hallucinogens. Retrieved April 11, 2009 from http://www. sayno. com/hallucin. html

Althea Gibson :: Biography Biographies

Althea Gibson As we look at our past, we are better able to see the positive advances that we have made. One of the greatest obsticles that we have overcome is the barrier of race. Over the last several decades African Americans have had a huge impact on many areas of society such as politics, educatoin and most definately athletics. On August 27, 1927, Althea Gibson was born. She did not enter the world to a life of glamor. From the beginning, her life was a tough one. Her family resided in Harlem during the 1930’s and 40;s. Times were very difficult for the young girl. Her family was on welfare and she, herself was a client of the society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Because of home life traumas, Althea frequently skipped school. The times that she did go, she struggled though the day. While she was growing up, she also ran away from home numerous times. As any young child would do, Althea searched for an outlet from the everyday hardships of school and home life. This is where she discovered tennis. It all began at local recreation programs where she took up table tennis, or ping pong. Althea had talent right from the beginning. She realized that she, a girl who’s life had been nothing but rough roads and abrupt turns, could be good at something. As she continued to gain interest as well as perfect her table tennis skills, Althea began to compete, and win several local tournaments. Because of these victories,Althea began to get noticed. One man, a musician by the name of Buddy Walker, saw Althea play one day and had a revolation. He figured that if Althea was so good at table tennis, then she would excel in regular tennis as well. At the time, no one realized just how beneficial this idea would be for the young Harlem girl, Althea Gibson. Through donations raised to pay for her membership and lessons, Althea became a member of an African American club called the Harlem Cosmopolitian Tennis Club. It was here that she aquired the skills needed to compete in tennis matches at a higher, more competative level. At the time that Althea was emerging as a recognized tennis player, African American’s opportunities were somewhat limitied. One organization called the American Tennis Association provided tounament opportunities for African American tennis players. In 1942, Althea Gibson had her first landmark Althea Gibson :: Biography Biographies Althea Gibson As we look at our past, we are better able to see the positive advances that we have made. One of the greatest obsticles that we have overcome is the barrier of race. Over the last several decades African Americans have had a huge impact on many areas of society such as politics, educatoin and most definately athletics. On August 27, 1927, Althea Gibson was born. She did not enter the world to a life of glamor. From the beginning, her life was a tough one. Her family resided in Harlem during the 1930’s and 40;s. Times were very difficult for the young girl. Her family was on welfare and she, herself was a client of the society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Because of home life traumas, Althea frequently skipped school. The times that she did go, she struggled though the day. While she was growing up, she also ran away from home numerous times. As any young child would do, Althea searched for an outlet from the everyday hardships of school and home life. This is where she discovered tennis. It all began at local recreation programs where she took up table tennis, or ping pong. Althea had talent right from the beginning. She realized that she, a girl who’s life had been nothing but rough roads and abrupt turns, could be good at something. As she continued to gain interest as well as perfect her table tennis skills, Althea began to compete, and win several local tournaments. Because of these victories,Althea began to get noticed. One man, a musician by the name of Buddy Walker, saw Althea play one day and had a revolation. He figured that if Althea was so good at table tennis, then she would excel in regular tennis as well. At the time, no one realized just how beneficial this idea would be for the young Harlem girl, Althea Gibson. Through donations raised to pay for her membership and lessons, Althea became a member of an African American club called the Harlem Cosmopolitian Tennis Club. It was here that she aquired the skills needed to compete in tennis matches at a higher, more competative level. At the time that Althea was emerging as a recognized tennis player, African American’s opportunities were somewhat limitied. One organization called the American Tennis Association provided tounament opportunities for African American tennis players. In 1942, Althea Gibson had her first landmark

3 functions of law Essay

What is a law? A law is a rule of conduct, established by government, for society to follow and obey. Laws have been around in civilizations for many, many years. The first know set of laws was written by King Hammurabi. Hammurabi ruled in Babylon, from 1792- 1750 B.C.E. The Code of Hammurabi which is the first written set of laws known to mankind, set the stage for all laws written, even today. You may ask why do we need laws in our society? The meaning, and function of laws in a democratic society is to establish rule of conduct, protect the rights and freedoms of citizens, and to provide protection for society. In society we live with, and interact with others, and we need laws to stop, and to control unavoidable conflicts and problems that occur every day. That is why we need to establish rules of conduct. The Highway Traffic Acts make a minimum driving age, speed limit, mandatory seat belts, these laws control problems because they make the roads safer for all of us and therefore many lives are saved. The Copyright Act also prevents conflicts and problems because it prevents other people from ‘copying’ other peoples or groups work. Therefore there are many less cases that go to court because of the Copyright Act, and that prevents problems. We need laws to protect our rights and freedoms. Laws are needed to protect our most cherished thing, and that is our rights, and our freedom. We need to have our rights and freedom protected by others, because we cannot do it ourselves, that is why we have the RCMP, and the provincial police to protect us. The police guarantee public safety and protection of life. Criminal law also protects our rights and freedoms because they make it illegal for others to do things like assault and harass us. The criminal code protects us the best of all because others know what is wrong, and if they disobey the criminal code, then they will be punished for it. Lastly we need laws to provide protection in society. This means that we need laws to protect ourselves from others who try to take advantage of us. For example there are contract laws, they protect us form storeowners and managers who might try to take advantage of young people, and make them work with no brakes. There are also labor laws, they assure us that we will work  in safe and clean working conditions, and that we make a minimum wage. There are also laws that protect handicap people, and assure them the necessities of life. The meaning and function of law in society is to establish rules if conduct, protect rights and freedoms, and to provide safety for society. The charter of rights and freedoms says, â€Å"Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice.† What this means is that everyone is free, has rights, and cannot be deprived of that by anyone. The laws are made to protect us, and our rights. Laws are necessary in society so that we can live our lives in peace and happiness.

The Host Chapter 49: Interrogated

I killed Wes. My hands, scratched and bruised and painted with purple dust in the course of the frantic unloading, might as well have been painted red with his blood. Wes was dead, and it was as much my fault as if I'd pulled the trigger myself. All of us but five were gathered in the kitchen now that the truck was unloaded, eating some of the perishables we'd picked up on the final shopping trip-cheese and fresh bread with milk-and listening to Jeb and Doc as they explained everything to Jared, Ian, and Kyle. I sat a little space away from the others, my head in my hands, too numb with grief and guilt to ask questions the way they did. Jamie sat with me. He patted my back now and then. Wes was already buried in the dark grotto beside Walter. He had died four days ago, the night that Jared and Ian and I had sat watching the family in the park. I would never see my friend again, never hear his voice†¦ Tears splashed on the stone beneath me, and Jamie's pats increased in tempo. Andy and Paige were not here. They'd driven the truck and the van back to their hiding places. They would take the jeep from there to its usual rough garage, and then they'd have to walk the rest of the way home. They would be back before sunrise. Lily was not here. â€Å"She's not†¦ doing so well,† Jamie had murmured when he'd caught me scanning the room for her. I didn't want to know any more. I could imagine well enough. Aaron and Brandt were not here. Brandt now bore a smooth, pink, circular scar in the hollow space beneath his left collarbone. The bullet had missed his heart and lungs by a hair and then burrowed halfway through his shoulder blade trying to escape. Doc had used most of the Heal getting it out of him. Brandt was fine now. Wes's bullet had been better aimed. It had pierced his high olive-skinned forehead and blown out the back of his head. There was nothing Doc could have done, even if he'd been right there with them, a gallon of Heal at his disposal. Brandt, who now carried in a holster on his hip a boxy, heavy trophy from the encounter, was with Aaron. They were in the tunnel where we would have stored our spoils if it had not been occupied. If it was not being used as a prison again. As if losing Wes was not enough. It seemed hideously wrong to me that the numbers remained the same. Thirty-five living bodies, just like before I'd come to the caves. Wes and Walter were gone, but I was here. And now so was the Seeker. My Seeker. If I'd just gone straight to Tucson. If I had just stayed in San Diego. If I had just skipped this planet and gone somewhere entirely different. If I'd given myself as a Mother like anyone else would have after five or six planets. If, if, if†¦ If I had not come here, if I had not given the Seeker the clues she needed to follow, then Wes would be alive. It had taken her longer than me to figure them out, but when she did, she didn't have to pursue them with caution. She'd barreled through the desert in an all-terrain SUV, leaving bright new scars across the fragile desert landscape, each pass getting closer. They had to do something. They had to stop her. I had killed Wes. They still would have caught me in the first place, Wanda. I led them here, not you. I was too miserable to answer her. Besides, if we hadn't come here, Jamie would be dead. And maybe Jared, too. He would have died tonight, without you. Death on every side. Death everywhere I looked. Why did she have to follow me? I moaned to myself. I'm not hurting the other souls here, not really. I'm even saving some of their lives by being here, by keeping Doc from his doomed efforts. Why did she have to follow? Why did they keep her? Mel snarled. Why didn't they kill her right away? Or kill her slow-I don't care how! Why is she still alive? Fear fluttered in my stomach. The Seeker was alive; the Seeker was here. I shouldn't have been afraid of her. Of course, it made sense to be afraid that her disappearance would bring the other Seekers down on us. Everyone was afraid of that. Spying on the search for my body, the humans had seen how vocal she was about her convictions. She'd been trying to convince the other Seekers that there were humans hiding in this desert wasteland. None seemed to take her seriously. They had gone home; she was the only one who kept looking. But now she'd vanished in the middle of her search. That changed everything. Her vehicle had been moved far away, left in the desert on the other side of Tucson. It looked as though she'd disappeared in the same way it was believed I had: pieces of her bag left torn nearby, the snacks she'd carried with her chewed open and scattered. Would the other souls accept such a coincidence? We already knew they would not. Not entirely. They were looking. Would the search become more intense? But to be afraid of the Seeker herself†¦ That didn't make much sense. She was physically insignificant, probably smaller than Jamie. I was stronger and faster than she was. I was surrounded by friends and allies, and she, inside these caves at least, was all alone. Two guns, the rifle and her own Glock-the very gun Ian had once envied, the gun that had killed my friend Wes-were trained on her at every moment. Only one thing had kept her alive until now, and it couldn't save her for long. Jeb had thought I might want to talk to her. That was all. Now that I was back, she was condemned to die within hours whether I spoke to her or not. So why did I feel as though I was at the disadvantage? Why this strange premonition that she would be the one to walk away from our confrontation? I hadn't decided if I wanted to talk to her. At least, that was what I'd told Jeb. Without a doubt, I did not want to talk to her. I was terrified to ever see her face again-a face that, no matter how I tried, I could not imagine looking frightened. But if I told them I had no desire for conversation, Aaron would shoot her. It would be like I'd given him the order to fire. Like I'd pulled the trigger. Or worse, Doc would try to cut her out of the human body. I flinched away from the memory of the silver blood smeared all over the hands of my friend. Melanie twisted uneasily, trying to escape the torment in my head. Wanda? They're just going to shoot her. Don't panic. Should this comfort me? I couldn't avoid the imagined tableau. Aaron, the Seeker's gun in his hand; the Seeker's body slowly crumpling to the stone floor, the red blood pooling around her†¦ You don't have to watch. That wouldn't stop it from happening. Melanie's thoughts became a little frantic. But we want her to die. Right? She killed Wes! Besides, she can't stay alive. No matter what. She was right about everything, of course. It was true that there was no way the Seeker could stay alive. Imprisoned, she would work doggedly to escape. Freed, she would quickly be the death of all my family. It was true she had killed Wes. He was so young and so loved. His death left a burning agony in its wake. I understood the claim of human justice that demanded her life in return. It was also true that I wanted her to die. â€Å"Wanda? Wanda?† Jamie shook my arm. It took me a moment to realize that someone had called my name. Perhaps many times already. â€Å"Wanda?† Jeb's voice asked again. I looked up. He was standing over me. His face was expressionless, the blank facade that meant he was in the grip of some strong emotion. His poker face. â€Å"The boys want to know if you have any questions for the Seeker.† I put one hand to my forehead, trying to block the images there. â€Å"If I don't?† â€Å"They're ready to be done with guard duty. It's a hard time. They'd rather be with their friends right now.† I nodded. â€Å"Okay. I guess I'd better†¦ go and see her at once, then.† I shoved myself away from the wall and to my feet. My hands were shaking, so I clenched them into fists. You don't have any questions. I'll think of some. Why prolong the inevitable? I have no idea. You're trying to save her, Melanie accused, full of outrage. There's no way to do that. No. There isn't. And you want her dead anyway. So let them shoot her. I cringed. â€Å"You okay?† Jamie asked. I nodded, not trusting my voice enough to speak. â€Å"You don't have to,† Jeb told me, his eyes sharp on my face. â€Å"It's okay,† I whispered. Jamie's hand wrapped around mine, but I shook it off. â€Å"Stay here, Jamie.† â€Å"I'll come with you.† My voice was stronger now. â€Å"Oh, no, you will not.† We stared at each other for a moment, and for once I won the argument. He stuck his chin out stubbornly but slouched back against the wall. Ian, too, seemed inclined to follow me out of the kitchen, but I stopped him in his tracks with a single look. Jared watched me go with an unfathomable expression. â€Å"She's a complainer,† Jeb told me in a low voice as we walked back toward the hole. â€Å"Not quiet like you were. Always asking for more-food, water, pillows†¦ She threatens a lot, too. The Seekers will get you all!' That kinda thing. It's been hard on Brandt especially. She's pushed his temper right to the edge.† I nodded. This did not surprise me one bit. â€Å"She hasn't tried to escape, though. A lot of talk and no action. Once the guns come up, she backs right down.† I recoiled. â€Å"My guess is, she wants to live pretty dang bad,† Jeb murmured to himself. â€Å"Are you sure this is the†¦ safest place to keep her?† I asked as we started down the black, twisting tunnel. Jeb chuckled. â€Å"You didn't find your way out,† he reminded me. â€Å"Sometimes the best hiding place is the one that's in plain sight.† My answer was flat. â€Å"She's more motivated than I was.† â€Å"The boys're keepin' a sharp eye on her. Nothin' to worry about.† We were almost there. The tunnel turned back on itself in a sharp V. How many times had I rounded this corner, my hand tracing along the inside of the pointed switchback, just like this? I'd never traced along the outside wall. It was uneven, with jutting rocks that would leave bruises and cause me to trip. Staying on the inside was a shorter walk anyway. When they'd first showed me that the V was not a V but a Y-two branches forking off from another tunnel, the tunnel-I'd felt pretty stupid. Like Jeb said, hiding things in plain sight was sometimes the cleverest route. The times I'd been desperate enough to even consider escaping the caves, my mind had skipped right over this place in my speculations. This was the hole, the prison. In my head, it was the darkest, deepest well in the caves. This was where they'd buried me. Even Mel, sneakier than I was, had never dreamed that they'd held me captive just a few paces from the exit. It wasn't even the only exit. But the other was small and tight, a crawl space. I hadn't found that one because I'd walked into these caves standing upright. I hadn't been looking for that kind of tunnel. Besides, I'd never explored the edges of Doc's hospital; I'd avoided it from the beginning. The voice, familiar even though it seemed part of another life, interrupted my thoughts. â€Å"I wonder how you're still alive, eating like this. Ugh!† Something plastic clattered against the rocks. I could see the blue light as we rounded the last corner. â€Å"I didn't know humans had the patience to starve someone to death. That seems like too complex a plan for you shortsighted creatures to grasp.† Jeb chuckled. â€Å"Gotta say, I'm impressed with those boys. Surprised they held up this long.† We turned into the lit dead-end tunnel. Brandt and Aaron, both sitting as far as possible from the end of the tunnel where the Seeker paced, both with guns in their hands, sighed with relief when they saw us approaching. â€Å"Finally,† Brandt muttered. His face was etched in hard lines of grief. The Seeker halted in her pacing. I was surprised to see the conditions she was kept in. She was not stuffed into the tiny cramped hole, but comparatively free, stomping to and fro across the short width of the tunnel. On the floor, against the flat end of the tunnel, were a mat and a pillow. A plastic tray was tilted at an angle against the wall at about the midpoint of the cave; a few jicama roots lay scattered near it with a soup bowl. A little soup was splattered out from where that lay. This explained the clatter I'd just heard-she'd thrown her food. It looked as though she'd eaten most of it first, though. I stared at this relatively humane setup and felt an odd pain in my stomach. Who did we kill? Melanie muttered sullenly. This stung her, too. â€Å"You want a minute with her?† Brandt asked me, and the pain stabbed again. Had Brandt ever referred to me using a feminine pronoun? I wasn't surprised that Jeb had done this for the Seeker, but everyone else? â€Å"Yes,† I whispered. â€Å"Careful,† Aaron cautioned. â€Å"She's an angry little thing.† I nodded. The others stayed where they were. I walked down the tunnel alone. It was hard to lift my eyes, to meet the gaze that I could feel like cold fingers pressing against my face. The Seeker was glaring at me, a harsh sneer twisting her features. I'd never seen a soul use that expression before. â€Å"Well, hello there, Melanie,† she mocked me. â€Å"What took you so long to come visit?† I didn't answer. I walked toward her slowly, trying hard to believe that the hate coursing through my body really did not belong to me. â€Å"Did your little friends think I would talk to you? Spill all my secrets because you carry a gagged and lobotomized soul around in your head, reflecting through your eyes?† She laughed abrasively. I stopped two long strides away from her, my body tensed to run. She made no aggressive move toward me, but I could not relax my muscles. This was not like meeting the Seeker on the highway-I didn't have the usual sensation of safety that I felt around the gentle others of my kind. Again, the strange conviction that she would live long after I was gone swept through me. Don't be ridiculous. Ask her your questions. Have you come up with any? â€Å"So, what do you want? Did you request permission to kill me personally, Melanie?† the Seeker hissed. â€Å"They call me Wanda here,† I said. She flinched slightly when I opened my lips to speak, as if expecting me to shout. My low, even voice seemed to upset her more than the scream she anticipated. I examined her face while she glared at me with her bulging eyes. It was dirty, stained with purple dust and dried sweat. Other than that, there wasn't a mark on it. Again, this gave me an odd ache. â€Å"Wanda,† she repeated in a flat voice. â€Å"Well, what are you waiting for? Didn't they give you the okay? Were you planning to use your bare hands or my gun?† â€Å"I'm not here to kill you.† She smiled sourly. â€Å"To interrogate me, then? Where are your instruments of torture, human?† I cringed. â€Å"I won't hurt you.† Insecurity flickered across her face and then vanished behind her sneer. â€Å"What are they keeping me for, then? Do they think I can be tamed, like your pet soul?† â€Å"No. They just†¦ they didn't want to kill you until they had†¦ consulted me. In case I wanted to talk to you first.† Her lids lowered, narrowing her protruding eyes. â€Å"Do you have something to say?† I swallowed. â€Å"I was wondering†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I only had the same question I'd been unable to answer for myself. â€Å"Why? Why couldn't you let me be dead, like the rest of them? Why were you so determined to hunt me down? I didn't want to hurt anyone. I just wanted†¦ to go my own way.† She leaped up onto her toes, shoving her face toward mine. Someone moved behind me, but I couldn't hear more than that-she was shouting in my face. â€Å"Because I was right!† she shrieked. â€Å"More than right! Look at them all! A vile nest of killers, lurking in wait! Just like I thought, only so much worse! I knew you were out here with them! One of them! I told them there was danger! I told them!† She stopped, panting, and took a step back from me, staring over my shoulder. I didn't look away to see what had made her retreat. I assumed it had something to do with what Jeb had just told me-once the guns come up, she backs right down. I analyzed her expression for a moment as her heavy breathing slowed. â€Å"But they didn't listen to you. So you came for us alone.† The Seeker didn't answer. She took another step back from me, doubt twisting her expression. She looked oddly vulnerable for a second, as if my words had stripped away the shield she'd been hiding behind. â€Å"They'll look for you, but in the end, they never believed you at all, did they?† I said, watching as each word was confirmed in her desperate eyes. It made me very sure. â€Å"So they won't take the search further than that. When they don't find you, their interest will fade. We'll be careful, as usual. They won't find us.† Now I could see true fear in her eyes for the first time. The terrible-to her-knowledge that I was right. And I felt better for my nest of humans, my little family. I was right. They would be safe. Yet, incongruously, I didn't feel any better for myself. I had no more questions for the Seeker. When I walked away, she would die. Would they wait until I was far enough not to hear the shot? Was there anywhere in the caves that was far enough for that? I stared at her angry, fearful face, and I knew how deeply I hated her. How much I never wanted to see that face again for the rest of my lives. The hate that made it impossible for me to allow her to die. â€Å"I don't know how to save you,† I whispered, too low for the humans to hear. Why did that sound like a lie in my ears? â€Å"I can't think of a way.† â€Å"Why would you want to? You're one of them!† But a spasm of hope sparked in her eyes. Jeb was right. All the bluster, all the threats†¦ She wanted very much to stay alive. I nodded at her accusation, a little absently because I was thinking hard and fast. â€Å"But still me,† I murmured. â€Å"I don't want†¦ I don't want†¦Ã¢â‚¬  How to finish that sentence? I didn't want†¦ the Seeker to die? No. That wasn't true. I didn't want†¦ to hate the Seeker? To hate her so much that I wanted her to die. To have her die while I hated her. Almost as if she died because of my hate. If I truly did not want her death, would I be able to think of a way to save her? Was it my hate that was blocking an answer? Would I be responsible if she died? Are you insane? Melanie protested. She'd killed my friend, shot him dead in the desert, broken Lily's heart. She'd put my family in danger. As long as she lived, she was a danger to them. To Ian, to Jamie, to Jared. She would do everything in her power to see them all dead. That's more like it. Melanie approved of this train of thought. But if she dies, and I could have saved her if I'd wanted to†¦ who am I then? You have to be practical, Wanda. This is a war. Whose side are you on? You know the answer to that. I do. And that's who you are, Wanda. But†¦ but what if I could do both? What if I could save her life and keep everyone here safe at the same time? A heavy wave of nausea rolled in my stomach as I saw the answer I'd been trying to believe didn't exist. The only wall I'd ever built between Melanie and me crumbled to dust. No! Mel gasped. And then screamed, NO! The answer I must have known I would find. The answer that explained my strange premonition. Because I could save the Seeker. Of course I could. But it would cost me. A trade. What had Kyle said? A life for a life. The Seeker stared at me, her dark eyes full of venom.

Breathless Film Essay Essay Example

Breathless Film Essay Essay Example Breathless Film Essay Paper Breathless Film Essay Paper In the film, Michael Postcard is a petty criminal who steals a car and when a pop catches up to him, postcard panics and shoots him dead. He then escapes to Paris to gather money to escape to Italy and to meet up with his American girlfriend Patricia. The rest of the movie is him running around trying to convince Patricia to go to Italy with him and find Antonio who can help him get out of France.. In the end Patricia informs on him to the cops and he is shot on the street but keeps running until he collapses and dies breathless. Two key moments of the film are when Postcard sees Patricia kissing the other American and when Patricia tells him that she called the cops. They tooth reflect the pervasive theme of trust and love found throughout the movie and seem to make the statement that love is blinding and consuming. Even to his last moment, Postcard doesnt stop loving Patricia even if she did betray him. The sequence that best represents the thematic is the ending where, even after being betrayed by her, he shows he still loves her with the personal faces game and lets her off with a very light admonishing before he passes away. The title, Breathless, refers directly to the ending of the movie where Postcard keeps running until he is literally out of breath and dies. In a less literal interpretation the title could represent how the main character is out of breath from leading his current lifestyle (not because he wants to change it but because its catching up to him) as well as his blinding love for Patricia which takes away his breath leaving him hesitant and leading to his death. 1) The musical theme is repeated various times throughout the score and acts as a way to heighten dramatic question as well as contribute to Michel Postcards characterization (its suave yet threatening) . Its ominous composition (aptly titled La Mort) precludes death since the begin inning with the cop and ultimately Postcards own. 6) The editing is striking in that it uses experimental jump cuts heavily which at the time were very against the norm. It creates a really interesting effect because while it does bring some attention to itself, detracting from the illusion of real life continuity, it does so in a way that is quite effective. Feel like our brains are very willing to accept this presentation of a story because sins this exactly what we do when recalling an event: edit out the boring parts? For me personally once you get used to it (it felt a little weird at first) it really keeps you engaged in the story because it makes time more efficient.

Ang Tundo Man May Langit Din

Beyond what feels good, back to what is good In a relationship doing foolishness is all part of the game that everyone plays. I have known many teenagers at my age even younger than me thinks that having a relationship or so called boyfriend/girlfriend makes them proud for themselves. Not knowing you violated God’s order because of your thinking, your values and you desire to others. Even we grew up in a Christian way may still not be enough to be good as what God wants you to be. You still need a lot of learnings but it is important to start changes to your lifestyle and attitude toward others. We should forget old way of living. We should not live for ourselves, we should live for God and for the good of others. You should treat a person what is in his or her best interest. To care for others when there’s nothing to expect in return. To show love to a person with purity and holiness because it pleases God and it is important that our love for others be shaped by God’s love for us . Do not love a person as you wanted instead of what God’s wanted. You will find true peace and joy if you change your attitude towards the goodness and you will find that God has something better in store for you. Asking for forgiveness is the best thing you can do because God is so forgiving. As what God’s amazing love for us at the cross, our sins have been forgiven. Remember these†¦ At the end of out lives, we would not answer to everyone†¦ We’ll answer to GOD. Chapter 2: The Joy of Intimacy is the Reward of Commitment Joshua Harris stated that the fundamental problem with relationships today is that we’ve disconnected romance and Commitment. It’s true that sometimes we’re starting what we can’t finish, we’re pursuing romance while not ready for commitment. Some people specially teenagers are dating because they want to enjoy the company of others. But in most cases they want to experience the emotional and physical benefits of intimacy without the responsibility of real commitment. We wished for the pleasure of love without obligations, without sacrifice, without vows. Yes, I know it happened most of the time because we give importance for the satisfaction that we will get, the happiness we will feel. The Bible teaches about true love – Instead of being selfless, you become selfish; instead of being patient, you become impatient instead of looking out for the good of the person, it’s focused on the needs of the moment. As they say in the Golden Rule in romance – it’s deciding to do what‘s best for others by never asking for intimacy that you’re not able to match with commitment. Do not go in a relationship if you are not sure that you are ready to face everything and give your full commitment not only to him/her but especially to God. Everything has a proper time†¦ in God’s time. But for now while you are not ready to have an intimate relationship seriously you can build a commitment thru friendship as brothers and sisters in Christ. They say that the best relationships are between two people who care more about each others good than their own pleasure. Remember these†¦ You have to be careful on what you wish for sometimes it comes with a price and at the end of the day you are still hungry for something real, something true. True joy is found in God’s brand of love – love founded on faithfulness, love rooted in Commitment. Chapter 3: Recognizing Dating’s Negative Tendencies Good intentions sometimes aren’t enough to build a friendship specially by means of dating. Dating has the tendency to move a guy or girl beyond friendship and toward romance too quickly because you’re both out of control. Dating is not necessarily wrong – it’s our own wrong attitudes and values. Many dating relationships mistake physical attraction and sexual intimacy for true love. God demands purity and holiness for everyone. What happened to our life today, we’ll carry the memories of our past and have a big part to our future. God doesn’t want us to live in guilt and regret in life. Yes, we cannot live in the future but there’s a lot of things you need you need to do for tomorrows responsibilities. God gives us the abilities and skills to do better but sometimes instead of serving God, instead of educating themselves to be a better person and to equip themselves to succeed in life, many allow themselves to be consumed by the present need that dating emphasizes. God gives us singleness to give a chance and opportunities for growth, learning and service instead of finding and keeping boyfriends and girlfriends. Dating encourages people of wrong use of freedom. But we don’t find the real beauty of life in getting romance with as many as different people as we want. We find the real beauty in using our freedom to serve God with all our heart. Remember these†¦ Just because both people like each other doesn’t mean hearts have joined. And just because both person has intimate relationship doesn’t mean two people are right for each other. A physical relationship doesn’t equal the true meaning of love. Set your values and start to live life doing the right thing.

The role of the CLI in modern computing operating systems Essay

The role of the CLI in modern computing operating systems - Essay Example A CLI comes with a command line interpreter that interprets the command and implements it. The command line interpreter might be running in a text terminal or in a terminal emulator windows as a remote shell. Once the command finishes execution, the output of that command might be in the form of a text displayed on the interface itself (MSCOM, 2007). The concept of CLI emerged when teletypewriter machines used to connected to computers in 1950s, and gave results on the demand as compared to other technologies such as batch based punched card inputs used during those times. After the success of the initial CLIs, next came the CRT based terminals that had the capability of interacting faster, they could display more information, and the development kept on going. Currently, the personal computers of today have all three forms of processing, i.e. batch processing, GUI and CLI. CLIs are complex, and most non-computer people prefer not to use it. This is why, it is often assumed that CLIs have become extinct and they are no longer used. However, it is not the case as CLIs continue to grow alongside the GUIs provided by Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux, etc. Several application also utilize the CLI and mix it with GUI to achieve better results. An example of such application software is MATLAB, and AutoCAD. Besides being embedded with different applications, all the operating systems implemented on the routers, switches, etc. for networking have CLI based operating systems. The application of CLI is when we have a large number of commands or queries available along with different options and we can give those commands faster than we can using a GUI. The command shells of various operating systems that come with Windows, Linux, Mac Os, etc. work on similar base. Some programming languages such as BASIC, Python, Forth, LISP, etc all provide a modified interactive version of command line interface. Another major application of CLI is its use in engineering and

Children With Oppositional Defiant Disorder Term Paper

Children With Oppositional Defiant Disorder - Term Paper Example It is related to ADD and ADHD, and often, a diagnosis of ADHD leads to a diagnosis of ODD. About 30 to 50 percent of children diagnosed with ADHD also may have ODD (Lindstrom, Tuckwiller, and Hallahan 2008). ODD is considered a psychiatric disorder, and ADHD is considered a development disorder (Arzubi 2008). Oppositional defiant disorder is usually diagnosed in preadolescent children, and is sometimes lumped under other conduct disorders. Robb and Reber (2007) state a diagnosis stems from a pattern of defiant behavior continuing for at least six months and the behaviors must interfere with the child’s home life and school life. Frequency of the behavior set is the main clue. For a separate or singular diagnosis of ODD, these behaviors must not arise from a psychotic or a mood disorder. Van Acker (2007) adds that peer group variables such as bullying and isolation are also a factor, and community transformation such as influx of immigrants or concentrated poverty also have a role. In addition, there may be a genetic component or a biochemical factor (although this has not been determined by structured studies, only anecdotal evidence) and there most certainly are environmental factors at work in the child with ODD. Adopted children are twice as likely as non-adopted children to be diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder (Keyes, 2008). A Minnesota study looked at 540 adolescents who were not adopted and a similar-age group of 692 adolescents who were adopted in Minnesota. The adoptee group included 514 foreign children and 178 domestic adoptions. The study found that adolescents who were adopted as infants were significantly likely to be diagnosed with ODD in their teen years; twice as likely, in fact. The rates were 7 percent for adoptees and 3.5 percent diagnosis rate for non-adoptees. Another small study (155 subjects) conducted in obese

Motivation to Learn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Motivation to Learn - Essay Example It is mainly compose of an individual internal desire to comprehend their underlying interest, self-esteem and corresponding personal sense of accomplishment. It is also mainly influenced by internal factors. The main factors that aid in fostering intrinsic motivation of students entail individual’s autonomy, experience, handling of underlying challenges positively, and self-appraisal. A feeling of accomplishment of an individual can mainly be evaluated by underlying numerous devastating challenges that can correspondingly impart tautness and fear. This can make student feel realize set up to fail. Thus, teachers ought to monitor the way students fair on with diverse intensities of challenges. According to Dweck (2008), students possessing intrinsic motivation have different mindsets and are concern about numerous issues as compared to those one devoid of intrinsic motivation. Moreover, individuals with intrinsic motivation are normally interested getting knowledge at the expe nse of being noticed as smart by their colleagues and corresponding teachers. Instructors are normally in a position of assisting students in becoming intrinsically motivated via attaining necessary experience, which are commonly achieved via repetitive issuing of the prevailing evaluation tests. This can also be accomplished via provision of a participatory environment, which ensures that prevailing learners remain active in the course of the learning process. Diverse mindsets also aid in fostering intrinsic motivation.

One-pot Synthesis of Porous Coordination Polymers

One-pot Synthesis of Porous Coordination Polymers Generally, the properties of crystals are strongly determined not only by their chemical composition, but also by their morphology, size and surface structure.1-3 Over the past decade, crystals with specific crystal facets have attracted great research interest because the exposed facets on the crystals finely affect the chemical and physical properties of the functional materials.4-6 For example, noble-metallic nanocrystals having high-index facets generally show much higher plasmonic and catalytic activity than that of nanocrystals with low-energy facets.7-9 Therefore, the design and synthesis of crystals with specific crystal facets is desired, but is still a challenge. Porous coordination polymers (PCPs) or metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are considered as a unique class of inorganic–organic hybrid materials with metal centers and organic linkers,10 have received growing attention in recent years because of their tailored pore structure, high surface area and many exceptional properties such as gas adsorption and storage,11,12 drug release,13,14 sensing,15,16 membranes,17,18 and catalysis.19,20 To date, many research efforts have been focused on the design, synthesis and applications of bulk MOFs materials; however, nanosized MOFs (NMOFs) materials have become increasingly interesting in the last decade because their microstructure, morphology and size also determine the properties and applications of NMOFs materials.21-22 Likewise, aspect ratio and exposed crystal facets of NMOFs crystals play an important role on the properties of materials such as sorption properties, and oriented film formation as well.23-25 Therefore, controllabl e synthesis of well-defined NMOF crystals with specific exposed crystal facets in the nano/micrometer range is highly desirable. However, it is still difficult to design a universal synthetic method to achieve above target due to the variety in MOFs structures and various experimental parameters affecting the crystal shape and size. To date, several synthetic strategies have been employed by research groups for the synthesis of NMOFs such as room-temperature precipitation,26-27 hydro/solvothermal techniques,22,28 microwave-assisted synthesis,29,30 sonochemical synthesis31,32 and electrochemical synthesis method.33 Among them, room-temperature precipitation, in which the solutions of metal salts and organic linkers are mixed, is the simplest system to produce NMOFs. Compared with other methods, solution-based precipitation syntheses at room temperature possess some advantages, such as safe reaction process, easily controllable reaction conditions, low energy consumption, and short reaction time. On the other hand, the use of various additives is an important synthesis approach for the fabrication of NMOFs materials with tunable morphology and size because the additives usually suppress nucleation and crystal growth during the reaction process. Monocarboxylic acids and their salts have been widely used as the addi tives or capping agents for the preparation of NMOFs which can alter the coordination equilibrium at the crystal surface during the nucleation and growth process.29,30,34 Kitagawa and coworkers have used the combination of the coordination-modulation method and microwave synthesis to control the size and morphology of HKUST-1 in which dodecanoic acid was employed as the coordiantion modulator.29,30 Huber and Fischer have yielded stable and size-selected MOF-5 colloids by adding p-perfluoroethylbenzoic acid as capping reagent.34 Besides, N-heterocycles and alkylamines also are used as additives in the synthesis of MOFs and ZIFs. Oh et al. reported that pyridine was added in the solvothermal synthesis of In-MIL-53 to manipulate the morphology of the microsized crystals.35 Huber and Wiebcke reported a rapid room-temperature production of ZIF-8 crystals with different sizes by employing an excess of auxiliary ligands such as 1-methylimidazole and n-Butylamine.36 Another kind of additive s including surfactants and polymers also has been used to control morphology and size of NMOFs which could suppress the growth of specific crystal facets. Our previously reported HKUST-1 nanocrystals with controllable size and morphology from nanocube to microoctahedron have been readily synthesized at room temperature by adjusting the concentration of CTAB (CTAB = cetyltrimethylammonium bromide).26 Zeng and Eddaoudi reported highly monodisperse M(III)-soc-MOFs with a morphological evolution from simple cubes to complex octadecahedra have been achieved using a series of surfactants and structure-directing agents.37 Porous coordination polymer [Cu2(PZDC)2(PYZ)] crystals (PZDC = pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate, PYZ = pyrazine) with tunable size were prepared in a predictable manner via addition of organic polymer Poly(vinylsulfonic acid, sodium salt) by Kitagawas group.38 However, to the best of our knowledge, the study on other types of additives such as acids or bases allowing control t he morphology of NMOFs, especially inducing the crystal morphological evolution of polyhedron, has not been realized so far. Although the role of the pH of the reaction medium, which is to deprotonate the ligands, accelerate nucleation rate and consequently cause smaller size of particles has been studied systematically,39 the detailed studies on the morphological evolution of crystal induced by acid−base environment of the reaction medium are scarce. Herein in this work, we develop a simple and straightforward method for the one-pot synthesis of porous coordination polymers with controllable shape by using different bases (sodium acetate, aqueous ammonia, triethylamine and NaOH) as deprotonation reagents in the ethanol-water mixture at room temperature. We specifically selected porous coordination polymer MOF-14 ([Cu3(BTB)2], H3BTB = 4,4,4-benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tribenzoic acid) as candidate material for the investigations which possesses a dicopper paddle wheel secondary building unit that exhibits unsaturated metal centers upon activation and has received great attention due to its high porosity and large specific surface areas.40 Its benzenetribenzoate-based analogue HKUST-1 ([Cu3(BTC)2], H3BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarbocylic acid) also was studied. In this paper, a morphological evolution of MOF-14 from rhombic dodecahedron to truncated rhombic dodecahedron, cube with truncated edges and to cube was achieved by increasing the conce ntration of sodium acetate, likewise, a morphological transformation of HKUST-1 from octahedron to cuboctahedron and finally to cube was obtained in the similar process. We further investigated the proposed crystal formation mechanism and found that the higher-energy surface of crystals would appear when more amount of bases were added, indicating that the exposed surface facets of porous coordination polymers could be controlled by acid−base environment of the reaction medium. The gas adsorption properties of MOF-14 with different shapes were also studied and it reveal that properties of MOF-14 display a strong dependence on the facets exposed on the surface.

Desire of Escape :: Essays Paper

Desire of Escape In Dubliners, James Joyce tells short stories of individuals struggling with life, in the city of Dublin. â€Å"It is a long road that has no turning† (Irish Proverb). Many individuals fight the battle and continue on the road. However, some give up and get left behind. Those who continue to fight the battle, often deal with constant struggle and suffering. A reoccurring theme, in which Joyce places strong emphasis on, is the constant struggle of fulfilling responsibilities. These responsibilities include; work, family and social expectations. Joyce writes about these themes because characters often feel trapped and yearn to escape from these responsibilities. In â€Å"The Little Cloud†, â€Å"Counterparts†, and â€Å"The Dead† characters are often trapped in unhappy living situations, often leading to a desire of escape from reality and daily responsibilities. In Dubliners, characters feel trapped in work related issues, which ultimatly results in unhappiness. In the story â€Å"Counterparts†, Farrington is unhappy with his job. Working as a copy clerk, does not provide Farrington with proper satisfaction. The mistreatment he receives from his boss, makes his job worse. Mr. Alleyne screams, â€Å"you have always some excuse or another for shirking work. Let me tell you that if that contract is not copied before this evening I’ll lay the matter before Mr. Crosbie... Do you hear me now?† (83). Farringtons boss is strict and demeaning. Feelings of worthlessness are quite evident. One might argue that Farrington abuses alcohol as a way to escape his work responsibilities. He does this by engaging in constant stops at the pub during his work day. â€Å"It’s alright Mr. Shelley, said the man, pointing with his finger to indicate the objective of his journey† (84). A similar type of entrapment in work, is also evident in the story, â€Å"A Little Cloud†. Chandler strives to be as successful as his old time friend, Gallagher. He constantly compares his job to that of Gallagher. Feelings of worthlessness take over, causing Chandler to be unhappy, contemplating ways to escape his reality. Chandler wishes he could be as successful as Ignatius Gallaher. He states, â€Å" There was always a certain... something in Ignatius Gallaher that impressed you in spite of yourself† (67). Constantly comparing his job, to that of Gallaher, Chandler becomes more depressed.

Introduction: Multi-brand Direct Selling System

Direct selling is the sale of a consumer product or service, person-to-person, away from a fixed retail location, marketed through independent sales representatives who are sometimes also referred to as consultants, distributors or other titles. Just about any product or service can be purchased through direct selling somewhere In the world.Many people think of cosmetics, wellness products and home d ©cord as products that are often sold through direct sales, but add to that countless other product categories including kitchen products, jewelry, clothing, organic gardening applies, spa products, scrapbook supplies, rubber stamps and more. During the past couple of years, Callahan City has catered the location and opportunities for business ventures. Some of the said businesses that have taken their bloom are In direct selling market.Callahan City opened Its gateways to direct selling companies like Nathan, MESS, Departure Brands, Avon, Personal Collection and many others, which bec ame the norms and extra sources of income for some of the household mothers across the province. Having Callahan City as the location of choice for the ranches of these brand names, multi-brand outlets from other municipalities sprout. Direct selling outlets, are managed by individual members registered in a brand, which gained their own set of dealers. At first, a member will need to register Is a brand. Or example, he/she needs to be a registered dealer for Nathan to place an order directly to the Nathan branch. A Nathan dealer will have an option of purchasing the product by cash, with 22% discount, or placing an order by credit which will give him/her 2 months to pay benefit. In purchasing products by cash, there are no limits on purchase amount and no additional requirements. However, if a dealer wants to place an order by credit, he/she needs to have a checking account from any bank available within the country.The Nathan branch will get at least 10 blank checks Initially whic h postdated 2 months after the date of order. By doing these, Nathan branch will have a way to collect the amount needed for the placed order when the due date arrives. Initially, a registered Nathan dealer will have a maximum credit limit of UP, 000 which means that he can only order 22,000 worth of products by credit with corresponding 22% discount on all products. By time, this reedit Limit will Increase If Nathan recognized them as good payer (without past due records).Bilaterally, as his/her credit Increase, he/she can recruit new dealers under his/her name, on which can order directly from branch (which will follow the same procedure and requirements of the branch) or order from him. If a dealer/member reach a goal of either PEP,OHO within a single month or PEP,OHO within 2 months, he/ she will be promoted as a Fashion Pro(step higher than a dealer). With this, his initial 22% discount will be upgraded to 40%.By having this kind of benefit, a dealer can circuit more dealers un der his/her name, on which will place order to him (not from he can give his/her own dealer the 22% discount a new dealer is entitled to, and still keep 18% additional discount which will serve as his/her own revenue. By doing this, and he can now be categorized as a distributor. A distributor creates her own outlet which will then be the place for her own dealers to go to, inquire, place a product order and pay their dues.Similar procedures are applied on almost every other direct selling brand like Departure, Avon, MESS. Direct selling outlets can manage or eater multiple brands and can manage multiple individual dealers under one distributor. The outlets are the main link of the branch and the individual dealers who are not capable of reaching branches due to the distance between them and the hustles of commuting Just to get products.Since these outlets are intended to grow, task of monitoring the order and credit limits of its own dealers also grow. At current, the distributors are using manual monitoring of their dealers credit limit, orders and payments with an old fashioned ledger system on which they manually write down the list of credits and payments of dealer. Although brand branches uses a software that is provided by the brand, the direct selling outlets are left with manual monitoring of the credits and sales of their own dealers.At current status, there is no individual automated system that is created for the uses of these outlets since individual software of the brands are use solely for the branch operation. The outlet managers are left with the redundant work for monitoring individual sales and credits and the more dealers the outlet supports, the more paperwork the manager handles, the more likely human error will append in the computation and monitoring of the said sales and credits.This study aims to lessen the time being spent in manually monitoring the sales, credits and product inventory documents by providing an accurate and automated system that will not only help handle these files and records but will also help the outlet managers see projections future sales, get the clear view of the outlets performance per month, see the dealer's information and performance and the dealers pending dues for them to take actions and important decisions immediately. B. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKThis study will consider the following theories in the design and implementation of the automated credit, sales and inventory system for direct selling distributors. This theory states that a careful planning process is necessary for direct sales people if they are to be successful. An analogy to a hurdle race seems to be appropriate to the direct sales process. If the salesperson cannot vault over each hurdle in its proper progression, he/she is unlikely to make a sale. (Gordon Stockholm 2009). This theory will support the study since the nature of the study is based on the current schemes and strategies of the direct selling business.By u nderstanding the theory, the outcome of the study will be guided accordingly in the main principles of the direct selling business. Business Management Theory This theory focuses on the principles and the practices of a business to attain its desired organizational goals conducting effective management. It is a range of approaches including the principles of accounting, public relations, operations, labor relations, time management to improve the performance of a business in some measurable or provable manner.This theory will support the study in consideration of business guidelines and reminisces in which the automated monitoring will follow. In this theory, all the principles especially the accounting, operations and time management will be deeply involved in the creation and designing of the automated system for the inventory of credits and sales of direct selling outlets. The Concept of Scientific Management The concept of Scientific Management is to perform the manual Job faste r than the old process of inventorying and with the efficiency of the company service in sales and marketing.This theory is applicable in the study by means of replacing the manual practices hat a multi-brand direct selling outlet is using for monitoring credits, sales and inventory for its individual and group dealers. These practices are also time consuming and there are certain errors that can't be avoided, mostly of having human errors. The proposed automated credit, sales and inventory system for direct selling distributors will helped to recover the process and attest that the concept of scientific management is applied in the study. C.CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK In generating full understanding of the whole process of direct selling business in Oriental Indoor, PIP (Input/Process/Output) model is used. Figurer . 0 describes the whole conceptual framework in which becomes the central theme, the focus, the main thrust of the study. It serves as the guide in conducting investigation. T he input describes the problems encountered on the existing manual practices that a multi- brand selling outlet is using for monitoring of the sales, credits and inventory for its individual and group dealers.The input will be acquired from the data to be gathered from interviews conducted with the distributors of Direct Selling Brands. Questioners for direct selling distributors, individual dealers of these distributors ND direct selling brand/branch managers.. Advantages of current Automated System of Direct Selling Branch available and operational here in Oriental Indoor will also be taken into account. Such inputs will be process to assess the need for the development of an Automated Sales, Credit and Inventory System for Direct Selling Distributors.These inputs will also be processed to create a unified process that can be applied by the Distributors in handling and monitoring multiple direct selling products that's under their outlets. Designing the system is to provide accura cy for ales, credits and product inventory to avoid errors in existing manual process of the said outlets. These inputs are generally considered in the formation of the automated system on which will help direst selling distributors in monitoring individual and group sales, credits as well as product inventory. D.OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY General objective of the study To design an automated system for the monitoring of sales and credits of each individual of group dealers, monitoring of product inventory that will be used by any multi-brand direct selling distributor in Oriental Indoor. Specific objective of the study To find out the benefits existing automated processes of direct selling brands/branch in monitoring their group and individual credits and sales. To identify the problems encountered by the multi-brand direct selling outlet on manual monitoring of their group and individual credits and sales.To provide a unified practice in monitoring credit and sales of dealers register ed under multiple Direct Selling Brands. To develop a reliable and efficient credit, sales and inventory monitoring system that will be used by any multi-brand direct selling outlets in Oriental Indoor To determine the acceptability of the proposed automated system This study will benefit the following: Outlet Managers/Distributors Automated credit, sales and inventory system for direct selling distributors can make transaction on dealers more reliable.The proposed system will also provide accurate sales inventory by providing individual or group sales report monthly. This system also serves accurate credit inventory by the use of credit statement by the distributors. With this report the direct selling distributors can gain control over the credit limit of group or individual dealers. Individual Dealers The proposed system can provide the dealers with their individual credit report so us for them to monitor their own credits.Implementing the system that monitor their own credit and sales that will help them make their own strategies. Proponents It will enhance their skills and knowledge throughout the development of the study. Future Researcher This study will be significant to other researchers since this study can serve as a reference to the conduct of similar study. F. DEFINITION OF TERMS Direct Selling Brand – Company that uses direct selling method to distribute their products.Direct Selling Distributor – Dealers of direct selling brand that acquired their own set of dealers, on which is the main link between the direct selling brand/branch and individual dealers Outlet – the on which dealers under a certain direct selling distributor place their order and pay corresponding amount dues Credit – the amount of products ordered by individual dealers on which will be paid in full after 30 days. Previous product ordered Inventory – process of monitoring products that are coming in and going out Interview Guide Direction: Ple ase answer the following questions as honestly as you can. . How do you transact with the dealers and customers? 2. Did you find any errors on your transaction procedures? Cite an example. 3. Comment on your transaction procedures regarding its reliability, speed and accuracy. 4. Describe the method on how you monitor the credits of your individual dealers? 5. Describe the process of your payment transactions for dealers due. 6. Describe the processes on how a dealer places his/her order? 7. Did you find any problems in accurately monitoring dealer's credit limits using the manual process? . What are the reports that you need in monitoring monthly/quarterly and yearly ales 9. What are your current processes in monitoring the product inventory? 10. Are you using any computerized system in computing the credits and sales of individual dealers, If so please state the applications that you are currently using? 1 1 . Would you consider upgrading your current process of monitoring sales a nd credits so as to provide you a much more accurate and speedy transactions?Name: Designation: Gender: Date: General Directions: Put a check on the corresponding rating that you can think is most appropriate. Objective No. 1: To describe the existing sales and monitoring practices at your direct ailing outlet Legend: 4 – Strongly Agree (Very Serious Problem) 3 – Agree (Moderately Serious Problem) 2 – Fairly Agree (Slightly Serious Problem) 1 – Disagree (Not a Problem) Disadvantages (present procedure) 4 3 2 The manual process of monitoring sales and credits of dealers is laborious and difficult 2.The manual process of monitoring product inventory is laborious and time consuming 3. There are errors committed when checking the sales and credits There is a tendency to lose records while compiling order documents 5. Entry errors and computation errors are likely to be committed. Objective No. 2: To determine the advantages of the propose Automated Credit, Sa les and Inventory System 4 – Strongly Agree 3 – Agree 2 – Fairly Agree 1 – Disagree Advantages (proposed system) 4 An automated sales monitoring system is essential in reducing errors committed in recording.An automated credit and sales monitoring system will facilitate transaction faster. An automated inventory monitoring system is easier to manage. 4. An automated inventory, credit and sales monitoring system provides additional records security in terms of providing redundant soft and hard copy of documentsAn automated inventory, credit and sales monitoring system is acceptable and more reliable than the existing manual practices Questionnaires for Direct Selling Dealers The manual practice of monitoring individual sales and credits of dealers is laborious and difficult The manual practice of ordering product from outlet is laborious and time The manual practice of checking product availability from outlet is time consuming An automated sales monitorin g system is essential in reducing time consumed in checking individual sales and credit details.